Florian Kaiser Photonic entanglement engineering for quantum information applications and fundamental quantum optics
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چکیده
The aim of this thesis is to develop sources of photonic entanglement to study both quantum networkingtasks and some of the foundations of quantum physics. To this end, three high-performance sourcesare developed, each of them taking extensively advantage of standard telecom fibre optics components.The first source generates polarization entanglement via deterministic pair separation in two adjacenttelecommunication channels. This source is naturally suitable for quantum cryptography in wavelengthmultiplexed network structures. The second source generates for the first time a cross time-bin entangledbi-photon state which allows for quantum key distribution tasks using only passive analyzers. The thirdsource generates, with a record efficiency, polarization entanglement using an energy-time to polarizationentanglement transcriber. The photon spectral bandwidth can be chosen over more than five orders ofmagnitude (25MHz 4THz). This permits implementing the source into existing telecom networks,but also in advanced quantum relay and quantum memory applications. Moreover, this source is usedto revisit Bohr’s single-photon wave-particle complementarity notion via employing a Mach-Zehnderinterferometer with an output quantum beam-splitter in a true superposition of being present andabsent. Finally, to adapt the wavelength of the entangled telecom photon pairs to the absorptionwavelength of current quantum memories, a coherent wavelength converter is presented and discussed. RésuméLe but de cette thèse est de développer des sources d’intrication photonique pour étudier les réseauxde communication quantique et l’optique quantique fondamentale. Trois sources très performantes sontconstruites uniquement autour de composants standards de l’optique intégrée et des télécommunicationsoptiques. La première source génère de l’intrication en polarisation via une séparation déterministedes paires de photons dans deux canaux adjacents des télécommunications. Cette source est doncnaturellement adaptée à la cryptographie quantique dans les réseaux à multiplexage en longueursd’ondes. La seconde source génère, pour la première fois, de l’intrication en time-bins croisés, au-torisant l’implémentation de crypto-systèmes quantiques à base d’analyseurs passifs uniquement. Latroisième source génère, avec une efficacité record, de l’intrication en polarisation via un convertisseurd’observable temps/polarisation. La bande spectrale des photons peut être choisie sur plus de cinq or-dres de grandeur (25MHz 4THz), rendant la source compatible avec toute une variété d’applicationsavancées, telles que la cryptographie, les relais et les mémoires quantiques. Par ailleurs, cette sourceest utilisée pour revisiter la notion de Bohr sur la complémentarité des photons uniques en employantun interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder dont la lame séparatrice de sortie se trouve dans une superpositionquantique d’être à la fois présente et absente. Enfin, pour adapter la longueur d’onde des paires desphotons télécoms intriqués vers les longueurs d’ondes d’absorption des mémoires quantiques actuelles,un convertisseur cohérent de longueur d’onde est présenté et discuté.tel-00777002,version1-16Jan2013
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تاریخ انتشار 2013